Allergy and Hypersensitivity Symptoms, Conditions, and DIseases

Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Glossary (from the AAAAI)
Video Library (from the AAAAI)

Allergy is an aspect of hypersensitivity, which is defined in Encyclopedia of Infection and Immunity as "Hypersensitivity as an immunological dysfunction is defined as exaggerated or inappropriate response of the immune system, which is mostly targeted at innocuous antigens with consequent tissue damage."  Hypersensitivity reactions are grouped into 4 categories or types; "type I (Immediate), type II (antibody-mediated), type III (immune complex-mediated), and type IV (cell-mediated or delayed-type) hypersensitivity."  

"Type I hypersensitivity or allergy, the most common immune disorder, is mainly mediated by immunoglobulin (Ig)E and mast cells. It can cause anaphylaxis, food allergy, and asthma. Type II hypersensitivity can lead to tissue damage by three main mechanisms: (1) direct cellular destruction (e.g., autoimmune hemolytic anemia and immune thrombocytopenia), (2) inflammation (e.g., Goodpasture's syndrome and acute rheumatic fever), and (3) disrupting cellular function (e.g., myasthenia gravis and Graves’ disease). Type III hypersensitivity is caused by excess production of immune complexes or impaired clearance of them and includes serum sickness, systemic lupus erythematosus, and post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis. Type IV hypersensitivity is mediated by T cells and macrophages, causing diseases like multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis."

From xPharm: The Comprehensive Pharmacology Reference "Hypersensitivity reactions can involve immunological or non-immunological mechanisms, with the latter also being known as idiosyncratic reactions or pseudo-allergy. Johansson and colleagues Johansson et al (2001) states that “Hypersensitivity causes objectively reproducible symptoms or signs, initiated by exposure to a defined stimulus at a dose tolerated by normal subjects.” The stimulus could include both exogenous and endogenous antigens and haptens. A broader definition of allergy that includes all immunologically-mediated hypersensitivity reactions is now more widely accepted. Allergy is still commonly used to refer to IgE-mediated hypersensitivity."

Specific Symptoms, Conditions, and Diseases:
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis

Anaphylaxis -see this post

Anaphylactoid Reaction - Anaphylactoid reactions are defined as those reactions that produce the same clinical picture as anaphylaxis but are not IgE mediated, occur through a direct non-immune-mediated release of mediators from mast cells and/or basophils or result from direct complement activation.
Surviving Anaphylactoid Reactions: Critical Steps You Must Know

Anaphylactoid Syndrome of Pregnancy -

Angioedema  Angioedema is the swelling of the deeper layers of the skin, caused by a build-up of fluid. 

Asthma

Burning Mouth Syndrome

Eczema

Erythropoietic Protoporphyria (EPP) and X-Linked Protoporphyria (XLP) - certain kinds of light cause a reaction in red blood cells, causing them to release chemicals that build up in the liver and damage it.

Eosinophilic Esophagitis

Familial Tryptesemia

Gastroparesis (from Strong Medicine channel)

HATS

Hereditary angioedema  

Hypocomplementemic urticarial vasculitis syndrome (HUVS)

Hypocomplementemic Urticarial Vasculitis Syndrome or Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in Evolution?
"Hypocomplementemia urticarial vasculitis syndrome (HUVS) is a rare form of systemic vasculitis which is characterized by the presence of urticaria and hypocomplementemia. The presence of recurrent and chronic urticarial rash is the dominant clinical finding in HUVS. Other manifestations including angioedema, arthritis, gastrointestinal symptoms, ocular inflammation, pulmonary involvement, renal involvement, and central nervous system involvement are also seen. Although the pathophysiology of HUVS is yet to be fully understood, it has been demonstrated that immune complex-mediated injury is the predominant mechanism responsible for severe systemic manifestations; a mechanism of injury similar to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)."

Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis (Extrinsic Allergic Alveolitis)
"The term hypersensitivity pneumonitis (also known as extrinsic allergic alveolitis) refers to a group of lung diseases in which your lungs become inflamed as an allergic reaction resulting from exposure to dusts of animal and vegetable origin.  Intense or prolonged exposure to animal or vegetable dusts can result in hypersensitivity pneumonitis. The dust particles must be 5 microns or smaller to get into the alveoli. Animal and vegetable dusts are complex mixtures originating from many different sources such as husks, bark, wood, animal dander, and microorganisms including bacteria and fungi. The microorganisms produce toxic chemicals that form part of the mixture. Insects and insect fragments, bird droppings and dried urine of rats may also be found in the dusts. Moldy hay, straw, grain, and feathers are other sources of dust."

Idiopathic Anaphylaxis

Kounis Syndrome

Mastocytic Enterocolitis
"As mast cells have been highlighted in the pathogenesis of diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome, a new term "mastocytic enterocolitis" was suggested by Jakate and colleagues to describe an increase in mucosal mast cells in patients with chronic intractable diarrhea and favorable response to treatment with antihistamines."

Oral Allergy Syndrome (OAS, aka "pollen-food allergy syndrome")
This is a cross-reaction between certain pollen and categories of foods that contain proteins that are similar to those pollens, usually when eaten raw because heat destroys the proteins in question (peeling may also help, also eating canned versions of the food).  "OAS is a form of a contact allergic reaction that occurs upon contact of the mouth and throat with raw fruits or vegetables. The most frequent symptoms of OAS include itchiness or swelling of the mouth, face, lip, tongue and throat. Symptoms usually appear immediately after eating raw fruits or vegetables, although in rare cases, the reaction can occur more than an hour later. OAS is generally considered to be a mild form of food allergy. Rarely, OAS can cause severe throat swelling leading to difficulty swallowing or breathing. In a person who is highly allergic, a systemic reaction, called anaphylaxis"

"In the case of OAS, individuals react to different foods based on what type of seasonal allergies they are affected by. For instance, if you are allergic to birch tree pollen, a primary airborne allergen responsible for symptoms in the springtime, you may have reactions triggered by pitted fruit or carrot. Even peanuts, almond, and hazelnut may cause mouth itching in those with birch pollen allergy. People with allergies to grasses may have a reaction to peaches, celery, tomatoes, melons (cantaloupe, watermelon and honeydew) and oranges. Those with reactions to ragweed might have symptoms when eating foods such as banana, cucumber, melon, and zucchini." 

Scombroid Syndrome or histamine fish poisoning is a histamine toxicity condition resulting from the consumption of spoiled fish [12]. Fish flesh contains the amino acid histidine. When fish is infected by gram-negative bacteria that contain the enzyme histidine decarboxylase, this enzyme converts histidine to histamine, which induces Kounis syndrome.

Anisakiasis is another condition associated with ingesting raw or undercooked fish or seafood. It occurs when seafood is infested with anisakis simplex, a common nematode parasitizing fish, which secretes allergenic substances. Therefore, unlike scrombroid syndrome, anisakiasis is an IgE-mediated food allergy and future abstention from eating raw or undercooked fish or seafood is always required.